https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/ Global Business & Trade Studies en daily 1 Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/article_731591.html Today, social media is considered as an online communication platform between companies and consumers. They make marketing activities and the buying process more effective and attractive. This study aims to study variables influencing customers' purchase intention on social media. The method of this research is a combination and integration of qualitative and quantitative methods to create a model and measure the accuracy of the model. The population of the research included the customers of food stores in Tehran, the capital of Iran. 302 people were selected as a sample and finally, all data were evaluated based on structural equation modelling. The results of this study show that the variable of persuasive messages has a positive effect on the type and value of the product, and that the type and value of the product have a positive impact on consumer behaviors and content and on how the message is designed. The variable of consumer behaviors has a positive and direct effect on the purchase intention, but the results showed that the variable of content and message design has no positive and immediate impact on the choice to buy by social media customers. The main innovation of this study is that we have measured purchase intention based on Kotler’s statement about message impacts (the three main issues), whilst other studies have not researched this aspect yet. In addition, few investigations have been done in the field of purchase intention in Iran, specially purchase intention on social media. Thus, the originality of this study is to investigate the impact of persuasive message on customers based on Kotler’s ideas about purchase intention on social media.  https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/article_731592.html The study investigates how intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction mediate the relationship between Islamic work ethics (IWE) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among PhD teachers. Using a mixed-method approach, qualitative data were gathered through interviews with 10 PhD teachers from Pakistan and Iran and analyzed with MAXQDA software. This was followed by a quantitative phase where a questionnaire was distributed to 83 PhD scholars, with data analyzed using SMART PLS 4. The findings indicate that Islamic work ethics significantly enhances both types of job satisfaction, which in turn increases OCB. Teachers who view their work as a moral obligation are more likely to engage in behaviors beyond their formal duties. The research suggests that Islamic work ethics creates a work environment where job satisfaction goes beyond financial incentives, fostering commitment among educators. Consequently, this paper recommends that institutions incorporate Islamic work ethics principles into their culture to improve job satisfaction and encourage proactive behaviors among academic staff.  https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/article_731593.html Innovation, as a driving force of economic growth, plays a vital role in improving productivity, enhancing competitiveness, and strengthening production capacities. This research aiming at investigating the impact of innovation on economic growth in Iranian provinces, uses panel data from 31 provinces of Iran over the period 2011 to 2021 and employs the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method. The research findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between the innovation component and economic growth, such that an increase in innovation in Iranian provinces leads to increased economic growth.In this study, the number of researchers, research centers, and universities are considered as key indicators of innovation, and all these indicators are shown to have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the provinces. More precisely, increasing specialized human capital and developing research and university infrastructures have led to improvements in gross domestic product. Furthermore, provinces with greater investment in research and scientific  development, having stronger research infrastructures and more capital invested in innovation, have experienced sustained economic growth. https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/article_731594.html The importance of the attitude and willingness of customers towards online purchase of goods and services has become a focal point for many organization directors. The perceived attitudes of customers towards online shopping and their subsequent behavioral tendencies are among very important factors that should be considered in the process of gaining online customers. This study has been carried out in order to analyze and examine the factors that affect customers’ attitude, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, perceived price in a positive or negative way based on the degree of technology acceptance model and lastly, the effect of attitude on willingness to purchase insurance policies online. This study examines the moderating role of education as an important demographic variable. The statistical population of the research consists of customers who had an experience of purchasing third-party casualty insurance online from Iranian Saman and Parsian Insurance Companies. 393 questionnaires distributed, of which 385 were used in the final analysis. In order to examine and analyze the data, structural equation modeling and SmartPL3 software were used. The findings of the research demonstrated that the four independent variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and perceived price had an effect on attitude. Also, the effect of attitude on willingness to buy insurance services online was also noticed, while the variable of education played the role of a moderator in perceived usefulness and attitude.  https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/article_731595.html The existing study aimed to analyze the effect of the four temperaments on individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life perceptions.In this study, library and field were used for data collection. First, the problem and area were fully introduced through library studies. Then the questionnaires were distributed among the sample members, and the relevant data were collected in the field section. The sample size in this study covered 3410 employees of Bank Melli Iran. The structural equation technique was used to check the hypotheses. The findings show that the diversity of the four temperaments significantly affects employees' satisfaction with life perceptions. The effects of phlegmatic, melancholic, and sanguine temperaments were positive, and the effect of choleric temperament was negative. The individuals with phlegmatic temperament had the most satisfaction, and those with choleric temperament had the least satisfaction with life perceptions. In addition, the significant relationship between the four temperaments and individual innovativeness was confirmed. The effect of sanguine, phlegmatic, and melancholic temperaments on individual innovativeness was positive, while the effect of choleric temperament was negative. In other words, the individuals with sanguine temperament had the most individual innovativeness, while those with choleric temperament had the least individual innovativeness. https://gbts.abu.ac.ir/article_731596.html Economic stability is considered one of the fundamental prerequisites for sustainable economic growth, and exchange rate fluctuations, being one of the most  significant macroeconomic variables, play a decisive role in either strengthening or undermining this stability. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the financial stability of Iran's economy by focusing on a dynamic analysis of the foreign exchange market over the past two decades. Using a system dynamics approach and Vensim software, the model is developed based on two decades of empirical data and simulated for the next 20 years. Causal and feedback relationships between the exchange rate and key macroeconomic variables are modeled to capture the dynamic interactions within the system. Simulation results indicate that sharp exchange rate fluctuations during periods of crisis have significantly undermined investor confidence, banking indicators, and financial balances, thereby intensifying financial instability. The findings reveal that fixed exchange rate policies or abrupt rate hikes are among the least effective approaches, while gradual and economically-aligned increases have comparatively lower negative impacts on macroeconomic indicators. In fact, a managed floating exchange rate regime is identified as a key factor in promoting financial stability. The study underscores the necessity of structural reforms in Iran’s monetary and exchange rate systems to mitigate currency shocks and enhance long-term economic resilience.